TASK 4—CHILE AND LANGUAGE POLICY ( 112 PTS)

Part I



Province: Malleco

Region: Novena Región de la Araucanía

Total population: According to the 2002 Census, the total population is 201.615 inhabitants.







a. Language name:



The official language in Chile is Spanish, so in the region they speak Spanish. There are some cities within Malleco which speak Mapudungun; the original language of indigenous from the area, but it has been lost among the years.



b. Number of speakers



Not found information. Although I found that there are several programs from the government to teach some of the local teachers for them to learn the language and teach it in public schools. At least 300 teachers attended to these capacitation courses implemented by the local government.



c. Number of speakers under age 50*



There aren’t a specific number of people who speak the language because this language is mostly taught by oral tradition. Not long time ago it has been writing publications of it, so a lot of people have the possibility to learn Mapudungun online or in special institutions specialized in the language.



d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?



Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe is a program which main goal is to preserve the language so typical and native of Chile. The main objective of it is to send teachers to have a capacitation on the language, and then they have to teach it in schools, but only for those interested in learn the language. Some of the public departments try to encourage the language by writing directions or names of an office inside the buildings in Spanish and Mapudungun.



e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?



In this region and province are several conflicts about the ethnic group itself. Many of the manifestations and strikes have messages written in Mapudungun for trying to preserve their cultural background and history. Also there are mapuches leaders who don’t speak Spanish or try not to, so they have to attend these legal issues with a person who translates them what they are saying or what other person says.



f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?



As I said before, the government is concerned on this issue because mapuches are demanding their rights as an indigenous tribe which preserves the heart or the main sense of what means being a Chilean. For these purposes, the government had implemented several programs which focus on teaching the language and culture in the programs of public schools. Based on the Children’s Rights, they have the right of having a free and mandatory education, which provides them integrity and identity without any exception. According to this, the necessity of recognize indigenous people in general were born, as the owners of a social, historic and cultural reality different from the national one. For this goal, they have been working in favour of this spiritual and material renewal of all the people in the country, considering their sociocultural particularities.



Part 2



Chile counts with this “non-intervention policy”, which consists in choosing to allow the normal rapport between the main linguistic group and the minorities evolve on its one. This policy clearly favours the dominant group, but sometimes these policies are accompanied by administrative measures protecting certain minorities. As an example of this policy and its measures to protect this indigenous minority, the Chilean government has implemented the Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe, which includes from the integration and equality for all the Mapuches children having a good and fair education as the other children who don’t come from a different culture; until the capacitation of teachers from elementary school for teaching the indigenous language and culture.

This measure was required by the Mapuches tribes based on the Constitution, and after a long time of fighting, manifestations and dead people, they finally have answer to its requirements. The goal of this program is to insert, share, and to improve the quality of the education of this Mapuche culture in contrast to the national culture. Another goal is to strength the identification and cultural processes of future Mapuche generations. In this context, the school and the community-family are the main actors that have as a mission to vitalize the own knowledge of the cultures these students belong to.


In the province of Malleco, the educative policies in Chile have not reached the objectives for the treatment of cultural diversity, furthermore “coexist in a rough way whit the integration policies that the government designed during the XIX and XX century to control the cultural differences in the national land” (Sir, 2008:20). This can be seen in the scholar institution behavior, characterized by the reject, indifference and intentions of the cultural diversity. In this province, we can see one of the main problems of this program due to the lack of didactic material to teach mapuche contents, and the lack of fundamental values that are the engine of the educative mapuche system in this process. By the other hand, this program is exclusive for the indigenous population, so we might think all of them have the responsibility to make a pluralist society. This responsibility has been leaded by official educative organisms which are delaying the implementation of this program to learn only a few indigenous contents, particularly the language. This means a disadvantage in educating the language and culture due to they should consider also the construction and learning ways of indigenous knowledge.



Part 3


According to the official language policy in Chile, the indigenous tribes or provinces are in disadvantage in comparison to the principal or official language in Chile. Not far from 30 more years, they have been complying about this policy and the unfair treat they have in terms of preserving their culture and language in the country. We and this policy have forgotten who really these people are: the origin and the beginning of our race. We are just a mix of them and the Spanish conquerors, but we have misled our roots many times with a feeling of embarrassment.


The Government has created a program for trying to include this culture to the global world, and also have tried to integrate and educate people to understand and know about these indigenous traditions and culture. Many times we speak and make things without any aware of the background or origin of our customs and traditions. Where they come from? Easy: from our ancestors. In a way to preserve these roots, indigenous have been trying to speak loud and being accepted in the globalized world, or even closer, to the nation they were born.


If we keep on denying our roots and the real meaning of feeling Chilean, in 2045 there will be no indigenous alive, no more than a few books that speak of them but not a single person who preserve it. I think, we should concern on giving more importance to the real sense of our roots than trying to learn a foreign language which has nothing to do with the national identity. I do hope they don’t stop fighting.

TOCOPILLA, PROVINCE.



Province: Tocopilla
Region: Region de Antofagasta
Total population : 21,026 (according to last censo)
Fill these items out separately for each language spoken in the province)

a. Language name: Spanish
b. Number of speakers: 21,026
c. Number of speakers under age 50: 13,998
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?
A: It is the only language that is being preserved in the city. Every school teaches this language since 1st grade to the last grade it gives, depending on the institution.

a. Language name: Kunza/Atacameño
b. Number of speakers: 102 (according to last censo)
c. Number of speakers under age 50: not information
d. Is this language used in schools?: not used
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?: not used
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?
A: There are not efforts being made to preserve or promote this language. It is a language that is disappearing through time in Tocopilla.

a. Language name: Mapudungún
b. Number of speakers: 192 (according to last censo)
c. Number of speakers under age 50: not information
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?: not used
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?: not used
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?
A: There are not efforts being made to preserve or promote this language. It is a language that is disappearing through time in Tocopilla.


a. Language name: Aimará
b. Number of speakers: 18 (according to last censo)
c. Number of speakers under age 50: no information.
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?: not used
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?: not used
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?
A: There are not efforts being made to preserve or promote this language. It is a language that is disappearing through time in Tocopilla.


Part 2 Explain the official policy of the Chilean government regarding the use, teaching, and preservation/promotion of indigenous languages (ILs). Explain whether or not your assigned province is actually carrying out those official policies. If it is not carrying out the policy, explain how it is failing to do so.
A: There is not an official policy of the Chilean government to preserve or promote indigenous languages. However there are laws that, in cities or towns where live a high population of indigenous people, it is demanded the protection of culture and languages corresponding to those indigenous ethnics. This law is called the “Ley indígena”. The article 28 of this laws includes as a right:
- Preserve indigenous languages along with Spanish in regions with high density of indigenous population.
- Establish programs that may allow students to have access to a proper knowledge of indigenous culture and languages. Students will have to be taught to value them.
- Promote of radio emissions and television channels in areas with high density of indigenous population.
- Promote and establish history, culture and language subjects related to indigenous topics in superior education.
- The obligation of the civil registry to sign up the names and last names of indigenous children in the manner expressed by their parents and with the norms of phonetic transcriptions that they indicate.
- Promote artistic and cultural expressions
- Protect of the historic, cultural and archeological architecture.
Also, there are a lot of programs that propose this. For example, MINEDUC and UNICEF created a program in 2012 called “Educación para preservar nuestra diversidad cultural: Desafíos de Implementación del Sector de Lengua Indígena en Chile”. This program includes the state of the situation of indigenous ethnics and educational politics in our country. It also states how schools in Chile deal with indigenous kids or students, and what resources and programs are being used to do it. Schools are not obligated to promote ethnic languages, but there are some schools doing it. Otherwise, there are not schools in Tocopilla doing this. This is because indigenous people that live in the city are only a few, so the people in charge of education in the city do not see the preservation of ethnic languages as a priority. I think this happens because Tocopilla is a very old city, and it is turning into a city where people do not want to live in anymore. People is actually escaping from the city, because the progress is almost absent. Tocopilla is not also receiving more immigrants, so it is a city that is declining in every aspect.

Part 3 Assume for a moment that every province in Chile were complying with the official language policy described in Part 2. Also assume that all provinces were to achieve tip-top compliance with the policy for the next 30 years. Would the Chileans of 2045 be able to communicate well in both Spanish and English? What would be the state of the ILs in the country? Do you think the state of Spanish, English, and ILs in 2045 is one with which Chileans of that year would be pleased? Why or why not?
A: There is not a language policy in Chile. Only some laws of preservations and programs for the future, as I wrote in part 2. Otherwise, I think that if it would exist a language policy in our country, and if it would be preserved for the next 30 years, we would not be in the future a bilingual country. I think it requires a lot of time for this, and first as country we have to learn how to speak Spanish properly first. This sound, out of place, but it is like this. There are people around the country who barely know how to speak Spanish, because they have had a very poor education. I think is surrealistic to think that in 30 years we can be called a bilingual country, even if every school in Chile would include in their programs 8 hours of English since first grade. But if this would happen, and if this would actually work; it would be something utopic, and an enormous step of Chile’s development. As I said in task number 3, I consider English as the language of progress. So if Chile get, someday, to be a bilingual country it would be an open door, or a little help to solve problems that affect our country. Problems like the big rate of unemployment, or the lack of commercialization with European countries or with the USA.

Province: Marga Marga
Region: V Región de Valparaiso
Total population: 330.814

a. Language name: Spanish
b. Number of speakers 330.814
c. Number of speakers under age 50*: not found
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?
Spanish is the main language in Chile, so it is used to teach in schools. Almost all the courser are in Spanish.
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?
Yes, It is.
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?

I think there is no effort to promote it, because the population is suppose to learn it as the main language. Chile is a multilingual country but Spanish is the only one that is considered as the main language, so it has to be teach in every school according to the Ministery od Educaction.

a. Language name: English
b. Number of speakers
c. Number of speakers under age 50*: not found
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?
English is used in all schools in Chile, as a foreign language.
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?
No it is not used, but sometimes it is use as a business language.

f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?

Creating the program Ingles Abre puertas, is a way to increase the use of English on schools. Also to teach English in schools by native speakers interacting with them.

a. Language name: Picunche (Mapudungun)
b. Number of speakers
c. Number of speakers under age 50*: not found
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?
It is not used to teach on schools
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?
No it is not

f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?

There is a program to promote the learning of indigenous languages in Chile

Part 2

In Chile there is not an specific language policy, but we use the Spanish language on Chilean schools.
In Chile there are some laws that pretend to promote the use, teaching, and preservation of indigenous languages.
The law 19253 from 1993 known as the “Ley Indigena”, recognize the use of indigenous languages, and their official use with Spanish in the areas that they are spoken.
Through Program they will allow student to have Access to learn about the indigenous language and culture.
Communication (television, radio) will provide areas with high indigenous population the space to provide language and culture to the population too.
They promote the use of culture and language subject in education, and the right to use indigenous names and last names in the civil registry including the way they want to write them.
Also they want to promote artistic and cultural expression, and the protection of the historic, cultural and archeological architecture.

I think those programs are not working because there are a few schools that are participating in those programs, I think something that affect too is the fact that there is not language policy in Chile that include those languages. Languages are dying, and a good way to avoid that is teaching children about those languages, and their importance. The constant fights between the indigenous groups and the government is a reason of the less participation of indigenous in those programs . Through the "Pueblos Indigenas", the actual program in the government of Michelle Bachelet, they want to include Indigenous Grouops, and give them rights to have a better life.
Specially In the V región of Valparaiso, there is an increase of children that speak Rapa Nuiin La Isla De Pascua, but in the province of Marga Marga there is not information about how many people speak another language, I think the main reason of why language are stint now is because the languages that are teaching are just the ones that have more speakers, it means that if a language have few speakers there is not school that teach it, so they finally die.
The teaching of LI on Chilean schools is part of the "Educación Intercultural Bilingüe" since 2009.

The time that include to implement a new program is the cause of why indigenous speakers decrease every year, because they are not value in Chile as the laws and programs say.



Part 3

It is difficult to be a bilingual country if Spanish is not an official language, the government create laws to include indigenous groups but those groups don’t fill Chileans, languages in Chile are dying and the government think that through the creation of laws that are not mandatory laws people will fill including.

The reality is other, they fill they are not part of schools and they learn Spanish, because on schools they have to, people don’t have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary. That is why I think is difficult to developed English if we don’t develop our owns languages.

It is something that could happen, but if there is not a mandatory law, it will continue as a program in every Government and Fights will continue.
If something happen like finally indigenous groups will be considered as Chileans and the government create a language policy where indigenous languages are include, the things could change, but i think it will take a lot of time, and the reaction of the indigenous people is the most important. There are laws that try to incorporate them, but because of other fights about lands specifically is affecting the reaction of them.

Is easy to talk about how it would be, but we are not part of their constant fight to preserve their culture and their rights, we can not take a decision from them. I think they have their reasons to react like that to laws that continue as programs. Maybe we need more time to know how those programs will affect our country. But in the way they are going now i think more languages will disappear.
To include the languages on schools to me is not the best solution to make them fill as part of our society, to protect them is not just write laws, protect them is let them be part of the decisions about their own way of doing the things. As i said before is difficult to implement laws that include them if there is a continue conflict, how they will trust in people that exclude them with other laws.

Even if we learn knew languages if we don't have the opportunity to use them and if they are not part of our language policy there will not be a bilingual county.

With English I think is different because it is a language that is include in all schools and most part of the programs in Universities include it too, but what about indigenous languages, they are not include in all our schools, and we don’t have where to use them. It is difficult to be a bilingual country if indigenous languages are not used in daily life.

PAST I.
Province: Parinacota
Region: Arica y Parinacota.
Total population: 3.156 people.
Fill these items out separately for each language spoken in the province)
a. Language name: Aymara
b. Number of speakers: 2,2 millones
c. Number of speakers under age 50: 1,3 millones.
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how? Yes it is, Aymara language programs are optional for students in Parinacota.
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings? No, Aymara language is not accepted in those situations, just Spanish.
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language? This language has been promoted and upgrade recently. It exist a lot of opportunities for Parinacota’s people, open programs for students and community. They are trying to integrate Aymara into the “Bases Curriculares” of the zone.
note: it is important to know thet Aymara language is also spoken in other part of the continent like Bolivia, Argentina and Peru. in Bolivia and Peru is used as a second language, and exist a big gruop of people that have Aymara as a first and only language. the smallest part of Aymara speakers is in Chile and Argentina.

Province: Parinacota
Region: Arica y Parinacota.
Total population: 3.156
Fill these items out separately for each language spoken in the province)
a. Language name: Spanish
b. Number of speakers: Almost all the place is able to speak Spanish. (No specific number found)
c. Number of speakers under age 50: (No specific number found)
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how? Yes, it the commonly used language and our everyday language. It is Chilean mother tongue.
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings? Yes, as I said before Spanish is our mother tongue because of that all the official papers must be written in Spanish
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?
Well it is the most important language inside the Chilean educational curriculum; students spend almost eight hours learning about it and studying it.


Province: Parinacota
Region: Arica y Parinacota.
Total population: 3.156
Fill these items out separately for each language spoken in the province)
a. Language name: English
b. Number of speakers: no specific number found, but from 3% to 5% speak English in the whole country.
c. Number of speakers under age 50: (No specific number found)
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how? Yes, English has been in the Chilean curriculum since 1997, but still it is not mandatory since primary school. They have tried to introduce the language step by step but they are not making a lot of changes. It is supposed that Chile should be bilingual in 2030.
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings? No for legal proceedings, because most of the people of Chile don’t manage the language. In other hand, now a day it is extremely need workers that know about English because of the mining companies.
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language? It still a foreign language for us but it is taught in schools with almost 4,5 hours of classes per week. Currently schools put a lot of effort in teaching English, but it seems that is not that important to the student’s families.

Part 1

Province: Arauco.

Region: Biobío (VIII)

Total population: 34.873

The language is Spanish and the number of speakers is 34.873. Spanish the official language that is spoken in Chile. People learn Spanish when babies listen to their parents speaking or teaching them the language. Spanish is used in in legal proceedings. Spanish is spoken in many places in Chile, and it is easy for children to learn the language when are expose to the language.



Part 2 Explain the official policy of the Chilean government regarding the use, teaching, and preservation/promotion of indigenous languages (ILs). Explain whether or not your assigned province is actually carrying out those official policies. If it is not carrying out the policy, explain how it is failing to do so.

There are some laws and programs that were created to preserve and teach indigenous languages. In order conserve some part of the culture of the Mapuches. The diversity of different groups through Chile is very important because every of these groups form part of our culture and history. This is a big problem because around the world some of the indigenous groups some their languages are disappearing.

The Coporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indígena (CONADI) has the mission to promote and integrate the indigenous people in many aspects: economic, social, and cultural with the objective to make them participate and integrate in many of the activities of Chile.

There are also many projects and laws that help to improve this vision. But sadly Chile does not have a language policy. There isn’t a real project where some indigenous languages some of the reasons are that there aren’t teachers with enough experience in how to teach some indigenous languages, and lack of linguistics and some resource.

In the Indigenous Chilean program Chilean Government has the duty to create some resolutions to proportionate and elaborate some laws that their main focus should be the rights for the indigenous people.



Part 3 Assume for a moment that every province in Chile were complying with the official language policy described in Part 2. Also assume that all provinces were to achieve tip-top compliance with the policy for the next 30 years. Would the Chileans of 2045 be able to communicate well in both Spanish and English? What would be the state of the ILs in the country? Do you think the state of Spanish, English, and ILs in 2045 is one with which Chileans of that year would be pleased? Why or why not?

The Chilean policy has the vision of a bilingual country in the next years. Chilean government has created some projects that support people such as scholarships to travel to different countries that their mother tongue in English in order to develop the four skills.

I also think that it depends on the methodology the teacher uses in the classroom in order to have their students very motivated with the lesson.

“El Programa Inglés abre puertas” (PIAP) is a powerful opportunity because it helps people to improve their English. Nowadays there is a lot of information that can help people to be about some projects and examinations. I think that for the year 2045 Chile could have a good English level or at least understand when people are speaking English.

Globalization is one of the things are now is changing the world, and Chile is doing everything to grow up. One of the things that Chile is planning is make the country bilingual. The Government is very concern about the idea of bilingualism.

Part 1

Province: Llanquihue

Region: Décima Región de Los Lagos (X región).

Total population: According to 2002 CENSO, 238,455 people live in urban zones, and 151,558 live in the country side around the big cities.

Fill these items out separately for each language spoken in the province

a. Language name: Chesungun (a variation of Mapudungun)

b. Number of speakers: among the area there are just some provinces around Llanquihue that is spoke (Osorno and Chiloé), but there are no information about much people that use this dialect now because the relation with Mapudungun is little. Chesungun is a separated dialect. Just one famous writer that was the first Indigen woman to get in the Academia Chilena de la Lengua (Graciela Huinao, Osorno, Chaurakawin ; 14 de octubre de 1956 writer and poet) is the known person that speak this dialect.

c. Number of speakers under age 50*

I couldn’t find information about this.

d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?

There are a lot or rural schools in the province of Llanquihue, also some big schools in the cities and there is a program called Programa de interculturalidad wich give them the opportunities to learn Mapudungun, but it’s optional for the students.

e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings?

In Chile there are no language policies, so all the businesses such as legal procedures are speak in Spanish.

f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language?

The Ministerio del Desarrollo has some institutions like the Corporacion Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena which promote and preserve ancient languages of our country, but as I said we have a Indigen women inside the Academia Chilena de la Lengua and she write the book “Walinto, bilingue mapudungún-español (2001)” that is one of the efforts to promote the language of our ancestors.



Part 2

Explain the official policy of the Chilean government regarding the use, teaching, and preservation/promotion of indigenous languages (ILs). Explain whether or not your assigned province is actually carrying out those official policies. If it is not carrying out the policy, explain how it is failing to do so.

-In our beloved country we do not have an official policy about language. We speak Spanish because we were colonized by their people hundreds of years ago. For other part, here in Chile we have some programs to develop the indigenous languages around the country. As you can imagine here in Chile the most known indigenous people are the Mapuches, their language (Mapudungun) is talk for a lot of people that are descendants of this particular Indigenous people, but as you can notice the Mapuches are not the only indigenous culture that exist in Chile. The law of Indigenous Protection in Chile says that in every zone of the country that have a high native population must have at least an immersion inside the ethnics roots of the language of the zone. Given this laws all the student must have at least some indigenous cultural motivation to improve the language permanency in the zone for young people. As I said before the CONADI (Corporacion Nacional del Desarrollo Indigena) have a lot of programs and events through the year to incorporate the old ethnics traditions. The main reason of all of these programs it’s to teach students old ethnics language to the young people to make the language last through the time. In my province of Llanquihue we can find a lot of rural schools and some big school in the capital of the region. In these schools that are inside the country the use the programs to improve the knowledge of the non-native young people is for the promotion of the use of the language, but it’s optional (as I said before). This is the reason that makes the children choose, and as all we know the children as much they do they get more tired, so they don’t take advantage of this amazing opportunity to get in touch with their roots. In Chile we are failing to achieve to a language policy, because we do so much stuffs that we don’t want to learn another type of language. We all should look at ourselves and try to understand that if we don’t preserve and promote our indigenous languages around our country they will die. The government using this events and programs try to, but they don’t try hard to. If we keep like this we will lose our roots.


Part 3
Assume for a moment that every province in Chile were complying with the official Language policy described in Part 2. Also assume that all provinces were to achieve tip-top compliance with the policy for the next 30 years. Would the Chileans of 2045 be able to communicate well in both Spanish and English? What would be the state of the ILs in the country? Do you think the state of Spanish, English and ILs in 2045 is one with which Chileans of that year would be pleased? Why or why not? Write at least 500 words.

-As I said in my previous answer, Chile doesn’t have an official language policy. We were colonized by the Spanish hundreds of years ago. In 1492 Columbus arrived to America and that’s where it begins. When the first Spanish arrived to Chile around the 1600 and we used to speak Mapudungun, but everything as we used to know was combined with the colonizers. We combined our traditions and culture with theirs traditions and cultures. Since then we use the Spanish as a first language. We use it for formal situations. Now in these day in the actuality Chile dreams to become bilingual, but certainly for varied reasons that wasn’t possible until now. Now the different methods of learning are evolving in Chile. The English teachers are more prepared and use one focus really important, the “early stimulation”. The early stimulation with children since they are really little improve their later stimulation in front of another language that are not the one their parents. Investigations during the years have arrived to the conclusion that the children immerge to another language when they have two to six years old they are in the perfect age to be stimulated. Here in Chile if we apply this with the Indigenous Languages (ILs) in the same zones that the Indigenous used to live we will be able to see a change and promote the permanency of our ethnics root. If we achieved with some sort kind of policy like teaching the languages since they are young as I said before we will be one step closer to a bilingual country, even I can say that if we join the ethnic part of the language we would be a polyglot country. In thirty years we will be able to communicate ourselves with Spanish and English if we do it. This will lunch Chile to another world. This will send us to improve our chances to go abroad as students. We as Chileans speaking English and Spanish will open the doors of another type of works, businesses, living options, and another kind of people immigrating to our country and make it richer. The Indigenous language should be as important as English and Spanish. The people in thirty years will know what happened hundred years ago and will feel proud of their roots. But this is more difficult because English is universal nowadays, and in thirty years will be even more universal (as the Spanish and the Mandarin Chinese now). So that will keep the focus of the young man and the old man too in the case of being educated with things that will work for them, so that Indigenous Languages became as important as the other two is a dream, but not an impossible one. I think that if the language policy come with the three languages (English, Spanish and Indigenous Languages) during 30 years the people will be pleased for being educated as a way of improving their quality of life, because a person who know English and Spanish including an own Indigenous language gives the Chilean people a better worldwide opinion about us, and will open us a lot of doors as I said before in this document.

Province: Cauquenes
Region: Region del Maule
Total population: According to 2012 CENSO; 42.953 inhabitants


a. Language name: Spanish
b. Number of speakers 42.953
c. Number of speakers under age 50: not found
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?: Yes, this language is used in schools, is the oficial lenguaje of the province.
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings? Yes, obviously. It is our oficial lenguaje. Every legal document is in Spanish.
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language? This language is taught from the birth. It is the language we all speak and parents communicate through Spanish with their children.
a. Language name: English
b. Number of speakers not found
c. Number of speakers under age 50: not found
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?: Yes, this language is taught in all schools in the province
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings? No, this languages is not used in official bussinnes.
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language? Yes, Each school has a program proposed by MINEDUC to teach English in all grades.
a. Language name: Mapudungun
b. Number of speakers not found
c. Number of speakers under age 50: not found
d. Is this language used in schools, and if so, how?: No, this language is not used in school and neither taught.
e. Is this language used in official business such as legal proceedings? No, this languages is not used in official bussinnes because it is few people who understand.
f. What efforts are being made to preserve or promote learning of the language? there is no effort to teach it in schools. People who can speak mapudungun is because they have learned for themselves.

PART 2
Explain the official policy of the Chilean government regarding the use, teaching, and preservation/promotion of indigenous languages (ILs). Explain whether or not your assigned province is actually carrying out those official policies. If it is not carrying out the policy, explain how it is failing to do so.
I couldn´t find a Chilean official policy, but I found a document from the Ministry of Education about the indigenous languages. It is a Project called Intercultural Bilingual (PEIB), whose objective is "to contribute to improve the achievement of learning from the strengthening of ethnic identity of girls and boys from basic education establishments located in cultural and linguistic diversity contexts ". It began in 1966 and creates a pedagogical proposal to improve learning related to national life and thisare present in the Educational Reform in 162 schools with population of indigenous students from Aymara , Atacama and Mapuche towns. The principal objective of this is to strengthen the unclear ethnic identity. In conclusion it proosed the creation of a unit within the MINEDUC to implement and coordinate bilingual intercultural policies (intercultural education for all Chileans and bilingual for indigenous ). According to the information that I found about Cauquenes ( wich was not enough), the province does not teach any kind of indigenous language to their students.